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Calhoun County, Iowa

Coordinates: 42°23′10″N 94°38′50″W / 42.38611°N 94.64722°W / 42.38611; -94.64722
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Calhoun County
County
Calhoun County Courthouse
Central School in Lake City
Carnegie Library in Lake City
Corn field near Somers
Clockwise from top: Calhoun County Courthouse in Rockwell City, the former Lake City Public Library, a grain elevator in the small town of Somers rises from a field at sunset, and the historic Central School in Lake City
Map of Iowa highlighting Calhoun County
Location within the U.S. state of Iowa
Map of the United States highlighting Iowa
Iowa's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°23′10″N 94°38′50″W / 42.386111111111°N 94.647222222222°W / 42.386111111111; -94.647222222222
Country United States
State Iowa
Founded1855
Named forJohn C. Calhoun
SeatRockwell City
Largest cityRockwell City
Area
 • Total572 sq mi (1,480 km2)
 • Land570 sq mi (1,500 km2)
 • Water2.1 sq mi (5 km2)  0.4%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total9,927
 • Density17/sq mi (6.7/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitewww.calhouncounty.iowa.gov

Calhoun County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,927.[1] Its county seat is Rockwell City.[2]

History

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Calhoun County was formed on January 15, 1851, from open land originally named Fox County. It was renamed in 1853 after the seventh US vice president secessionist John C. Calhoun. When the tracks of the Illinois Central Railroad were laid through the county in 1870, the county seat was moved from Lake City to Rockwell City. The first train reached Rockwell City on August 7, 1882, and the population count doubled in the same year. The first courthouse, built of wood, burned to the ground in 1884 and the county government moved into a nearby hotel. In 1913, the current courthouse was built.

On July 6, 1893, Pomeroy was struck by a tornado that measured F5 on the Fujita scale. With a damage path 500 yards (460 m) wide and 55 miles (89 km) long, the tornado destroyed about 80% of the homes in Pomeroy. The tornado killed 71 people and injured 200.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 572 square miles (1,480 km2), of which 570 square miles (1,500 km2) is land and 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) (0.4%) is water.[3]

Ecology

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Calhoun County is located entirely within the Des Moines Lobe of the Western Corn Belt Plains ecoregion, as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). One of the flattest regions in Iowa, the Des Moines Lobe ecoregion is a distinctive area naturally defined by Wisconsin glaciation but modified by humans for extensive agriculture. In general, the land is level to gently rolling with some areas of relief defined by glacial features like moraines, hummocky knobs, and kettles, and outwash deposits. The lobe does not have any loess deposits like the Loess Hills to the west.

The stream network is poorly developed and widely spaced, with major rivers carving valleys that are relatively deep and steep-sided. Almost all of the natural lakes of Iowa are found in the northern part of this region (the Iowa Great Lakes). Most of the region has been converted from wet prairie to agricultural use with substantial surface water drainage. Only a small fraction of the wetlands remain, and many natural lakes have been drained as a result of agricultural drainage projects via drainage tiles or ditches.[4]

Major highways

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Adjacent counties

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1860147—
18701,602989.8%
18805,595249.3%
189013,107134.3%
190018,56941.7%
191017,090−8.0%
192017,7834.1%
193017,605−1.0%
194017,584−0.1%
195016,925−3.7%
196015,923−5.9%
197014,287−10.3%
198013,542−5.2%
199011,508−15.0%
200011,115−3.4%
20109,670−13.0%
20209,9272.7%
2023 (est.)9,763[5]−1.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[6]
1790-1960[7] 1900-1990[8]
1990-2000[9] 2010-2018[10]
Population of Calhoun County from US census data

2020 census

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2022 US Census population pyramid for Calhoun County from ACS 5-year estimates

The 2020 census recorded a population of 9,927 in the county, with a population density of 17.3722/sq mi (6.7074/km2). 97.22% of the population reported being of one race. 91.88% were non-Hispanic White, 1.53% were Black, 2.38% were Hispanic, 0.24% were Native American, 0.26% were Asian, 0.08% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 3.63% were some other race or more than one race. There were 4,771 housing units of which 4,070 were occupied.[1]

2010 census

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The 2010 census recorded a population of 9,670 in the county, with a population density of 16.96/sq mi (6.55/km2). There were 5,108 housing units, of which 4,242 were occupied.[11]

2000 census

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As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 11,115 people, 4,513 households, and 3,014 families residing in the county. The population density was 20 people per square mile (7.7 people/km2). There were 5,219 housing units at an average density of 9 units per square mile (3.5 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.06% White, 0.69% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. 0.90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,513 households, out of which 27.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.90% were married couples living together, 6.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were non-families. 30.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.10% under the age of 18, 6.40% from 18 to 24, 24.80% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 22.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 98.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,286, and the median income for a family was $41,583. Males had a median income of $28,787 versus $20,095 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,498. 10.10% of the population and 7.10% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.50% of those under the age of 18 and 8.50% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Communities

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Cities

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Unincorporated communities

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Townships

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Calhoun County is divided into sixteen townships:

Population ranking

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The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Calhoun County.[1]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census)
1 † Rockwell City City 2,240
2 Lake City City 1,731
3 Manson City 1,709
4 Pomeroy City 526
5 Farnhamville (partially in Webster County) City 383
6 Lohrville City 381
7 Twin Lakes CDP 316
8 Lytton (mostly in Sac County) City 40 (282 total)
9 Somers City 128
10 Knierim City 53
11 Rinard City 38
12 Jolley City 28
13 Yetter City 19

Politics

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Politically, Calhoun County has favored the Republicans since 1896, usually only voting Democratic when the party won national victories. It first voted for the Democrats in 1932 when Franklin D. Roosevelt won in a landslide victory against Herbert Hoover. In 2000, Calhoun County voted for George W. Bush and has voted for the Republicans ever since. In 2016 Donald Trump won 67.2% percent of the vote in Calhoun County, the highest vote share since Dwight D. Eisenhower's victory in 1952. In 2020, Trump increased it to 70.2%, the highest percentage of any party in the county since Warren G. Harding a century earlier.

United States presidential election results for Calhoun County, Iowa[13]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 3,689 70.16% 1,470 27.96% 99 1.88%
2016 3,468 67.22% 1,398 27.10% 293 5.68%
2012 2,891 55.28% 2,238 42.79% 101 1.93%
2008 2,741 52.76% 2,341 45.06% 113 2.18%
2004 3,255 58.73% 2,243 40.47% 44 0.79%
2000 2,776 55.07% 2,132 42.29% 133 2.64%
1996 2,077 43.46% 2,193 45.89% 509 10.65%
1992 2,169 41.13% 2,140 40.58% 965 18.30%
1988 2,474 44.94% 2,990 54.31% 41 0.74%
1984 3,311 56.14% 2,541 43.08% 46 0.78%
1980 3,633 57.41% 2,150 33.98% 545 8.61%
1976 3,215 51.03% 3,001 47.63% 84 1.33%
1972 3,821 60.00% 2,446 38.41% 101 1.59%
1968 3,715 57.53% 2,361 36.56% 382 5.92%
1964 2,422 35.42% 4,407 64.46% 8 0.12%
1960 4,485 58.90% 3,123 41.01% 7 0.09%
1956 4,409 57.49% 2,972 38.75% 288 3.76%
1952 5,391 67.68% 2,411 30.27% 164 2.06%
1948 3,083 48.19% 3,164 49.45% 151 2.36%
1944 3,375 48.59% 3,544 51.02% 27 0.39%
1940 3,792 46.46% 4,344 53.23% 25 0.31%
1936 3,027 39.32% 4,544 59.02% 128 1.66%
1932 2,404 34.46% 4,368 62.61% 205 2.94%
1928 4,136 60.24% 2,681 39.05% 49 0.71%
1924 3,529 53.21% 714 10.77% 2,389 36.02%
1920 5,277 76.95% 1,479 21.57% 102 1.49%
1916 2,276 58.34% 1,515 38.84% 110 2.82%
1912 963 26.61% 1,182 32.66% 1,474 40.73%
1908 2,353 63.03% 1,152 30.86% 228 6.11%
1904 2,479 67.44% 870 23.67% 327 8.90%
1900 2,973 69.61% 1,224 28.66% 74 1.73%
1896 2,698 67.25% 1,280 31.90% 34 0.85%

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "2020 Census State Redistricting Data". census.gov. United states Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  4. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Chapman, S.S., Omernik, J.M., Griffith, G.E.; et al. Ecoregions of Iowa and Missouri (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2022.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs).
  5. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  6. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  7. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  8. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  9. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  10. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  11. ^ "Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - State – County". United States Census Bureau American FactFinder. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved March 8, 2011.[dead link]
  12. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  13. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
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