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Corky (orca)

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Corky II
Corky II on the slide out during the Shamu Show at SeaWorld San Diego.
SpeciesOrca (Orcinus orca)
SexFemale
Bornc. 1965 (age 58–59)
Years active1969–present
Known forOldest captive female orca as of 2024
Parent(s)Stripe (mother) (1948–2000)
Mate(s)Orky II (cousin) (1962–1988)
Offspring
  • Calf (son) (28 February 1977 – 15 March 1977)
  • Spooky (son) (31 October 1978 – 10 November 1978)
  • Kiva (daughter) (18 June 1982 – 3 August 1982)
  • Calf (daughter) (22 July 1985 – 20 September 1985)
(none survived to adulthood)
Weight3,855.535 kg (8,500 lb)[1]
Height19 ft 8 in (5.99 m)
Named afterFemale Orca named Corky (1965–1970)

Corky II (born c. 1965), often referred to as just Corky, is a female captive orca from the A5 Pod of northern resident orcas. At approximately the age of four, Corky was captured from Pender Harbour off the coast of British Columbia on 11 December 1969.[2] She has lived at SeaWorld San Diego in San Diego, California since 21 January 1987. As of 2024, she is the oldest and longest kept captive orca.[3] SeaWorld San Diego celebrates her birthday on 1st January every year.

Early life

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Corky was born in 1965. Her mother, designated A23, nicknamed "Stripe", was born in 1948 and she died in 2000. Corky, along with a young unnamed male and a young female later named Patches, were sold to Marineland of the Pacific, in Palos Verdes, California. As of 2022, Corky is the only surviving captured orca from her family group. She is designated A16.[4]

Captivity

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Corky II received her name after the park's original orca, Corky I (1965 – 5 December 1970), who died on 5 December 1970 at the age of 5. Corky I was also born in 1965 like Corky II and she was also a female orca like Corky II. Corky was kept with a male named Orky II who was her cousin, also caught in Pender Harbour the year before her own capture. The pair remained together at the park for the next seventeen years and mated.[5] Corky became the first orca to produce offspring in captivity and on 28 February 1977, she gave birth to the first captive calf. However, the infant male failed to nurse and died of pneumonia after just eleven days on 15 March 1977. Corky and Orky had six more calves but none survived, the oldest, named Kiva (22 June 1982 – 3 August 1982), a female, lived for just 46 days.[6] Corky and Orky also appeared in the 1977 film Tentacles.[7] Corky suffered three miscarriages on 1 April 1980, 27 July 1986 and in August 1987. After that she never became pregnant again.

In 1987, Corky was sold to SeaWorld and was moved with Orky II to the park in San Diego, California, United States on 21 January 1987. There, she mated again with Orky II, and she suffered a miscarriage in August 1987.[8] Orky II later bred with other females, named Kandu V (1974 – 21 August 1989) and Kenau (1975 – 6 August 1991) at SeaWorld San Diego and with them he sired two female calves, Orkid (born 23 September 1988) and Kayla (26 November 1988 – 28 January 2019). Corky never became pregnant again. On 26 September 1988, Orky II died three days after the birth of his first daughter, Orkid who was born on 23 September 1988 to Kandu V. He was the oldest and largest captive orca at the time of his death.[9]

As of 2024, Corky remains at SeaWorld San Diego and lives with seven other orcas.[10]

Incident

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In 1989 the dominant female orca, Kandu V, charged at Corky but ruptured an artery in her own jaw during the fight. After a 45-minute hemorrhage, Kandu V died. Her eleven month old daughter, Orkid, was placed with Corky, who acted as a surrogate mother.[11][12][13]

Controversy

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Corky 2 performing "The Shamu Adventure" on July 5, 2004. The stage at Shamu Stadium has since been redesigned to accommodate the new "Orca Encounter" show.

Corky is the subject of various campaigns by animal rights activists and organizations, including PETA, demanding her retirement and release.[14][15] In 2017, a Canadian orca research organization created a banner from more than 17,000 pieces of artwork that stretched 1.5 miles as a means to promote her freedom.[16] A 40 acre sea sanctuary located off Hanson Island in British Columbia has been proposed for her relocation, but SeaWorld remains resistant, arguing Corky would not survive.[17] Support for her release surged after Lolita died before her release, including people writing letters to SeaWorld.[18][19]

See also

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Further reading

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  • Ford, John K.B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; & Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales (2nd ed.). UBC Press. ISBN 0-7748-0800-4.
  • Hoyt, Erich. (1990). Orca: The Whale Called Killer (3rd ed.). London: Robert Hale Limited. ISBN 0-920656-25-0.
  • Morton, Alexandra. (2002). Listening to Whales: What the Orcas Have Taught Us New York: Ballantine Publishing Group. ISBN 0-345-43794-2.
  • Patryla, Jim. (2005). A Photographic Journey Back To Marineland of the Pacific Lulu Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4116-7130-0.

References

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  1. ^ "Performing Whale Dies in Collision With Another". The New York Times. 23 August 1989. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  2. ^ "Corky's Story". Hal Sato. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  3. ^ Palmer, Mark J (21 May 2020). "MEET CORKY, THE LONGEST-HELD ORCA IN CAPTIVITY". savedolphins.eii.org. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  4. ^ "Corky's Calves". orcaaware.org. British Divers Marine Life Rescue.
  5. ^ Farhoud, Nada (1 May 2020). "Fight to reunite Orca with family after being held captive in tank for 50 years". mirror.co.uk. Daily Mirror. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  6. ^ "Corky". dolphinspirit.org. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  7. ^ "Photo from the movie "Tentacles" provided by CoolAssCinema.com and Kimmy Vengeance". inherentlywild.co.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Corky's Calves". orcaaware.org. British Divers Marine Life Rescue.
  9. ^ Roach Monroe, Linda (27 September 1988). "Orky, Oldest Killer Whale in Captivity, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  10. ^ "Killer Whale Education and Conservation". seaworld.com. SeaWorld. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  11. ^ "Performing Whale Dies in Collision With Another". The New York Times. New York Times. 23 August 1989. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  12. ^ REZA, H.G.; JOHNSON, GREG (23 August 1989). "Killer Whale Bled to Death After Breaking Jaw in Fight". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  13. ^ REZA, H.G. (22 August 1989). "Whales Collide, 1 Is Fatally Injured in Sea World Tank". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  14. ^ https://www.peta.org/blog/on-seaworlds-60th-anniversary-christopher-von-uckermann-shares-a-personal-plea/ [bare URL]
  15. ^ "Free Corky Campaign". orcalab.org. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  16. ^ "SeaWorld Won't Miss This 1.5-Mile-Long 'Free Corky' Banner". seaworldofhurt.com. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  17. ^ "Returning 'Corky,' a wild orca, to her birthplace after 50 years in captivity". cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  18. ^ https://www.local10.com/news/local/2023/08/20/activists-hol [bare URL]
  19. ^ Gibson, Caitlin (5 December 2023). "The call of Tokitae". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
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